Fixing PowerShell Script Execution Policy for npm in VS Code

If you’re a developer working with Node.js, you've probably encountered an error message like this when running npm commands in the Visual Studio Code terminal:

File C:\Program Files\nodejs\npm.ps1 cannot be loaded because running scripts is disabled on this system. For more information, see about_Execution_Policies at https:/go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170

This issue occurs due to PowerShell’s script execution policy, which restricts certain scripts from running to protect your system. In this guide, we’ll walk through how to resolve this issue, explore why it’s essential on production servers, and ensure that your development environment is both secure and efficient.

Why Does This Issue Happen?

PowerShell’s execution policy is a security measure that controls how PowerShell loads configuration files and runs scripts. By default, it’s set to Restricted or AllSigned, which means scripts are either entirely blocked or only allowed if they are signed by a trusted publisher.

When you try to run an npm command in the VS Code terminal, the command triggers npm.ps1, a PowerShell script. If the execution policy is restrictive, it prevents the script from running, resulting in the error message.

How to Fix the PowerShell Script Execution Policy for npm in VS Code

To resolve this issue, you have several options. Here are the most effective solutions:

1. Change the Default Terminal in VS Code to Command Prompt or Git Bash

One way to avoid this issue entirely is by switching your default terminal in VS Code from PowerShell to Command Prompt or Git Bash. Here’s how:

• Open VS Code.

• Go to File > Preferences > Settings (or press Ctrl + ,).

• Search for Terminal Integrated Shell.

• Under Terminal > Integrated > Shell: Windows, choose Command Prompt or Git Bash instead of PowerShell.

• Open a new terminal in VS Code, and try running npm again.

2. Modify PowerShell’s Execution Policy in VS Code Temporarily

If you’d prefer to stick with PowerShell, you can change the execution policy only for the current session in VS Code:

1. Open a PowerShell terminal in VS Code by navigating to Terminal > New Terminal.

Run On PowerShell
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope Process

1. • This setting allows scripts for the current session only, so it won’t affect your system-wide policy.

   • Now you should be able to run npm commands without issue.

2. Use npm.cmd Directly

Instead of npm, use npm.cmd, which doesn’t require PowerShell’s script policy.

Run On PowerShell

npm.cmd install <package-name>

4. Change the Execution Policy Permanently (for Frequent PowerShell Users)

If you use PowerShell often, you may want to adjust the policy permanently.

1. Open PowerShell as an administrator.

Run On PowerShell

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

4.Confirm with A (Yes to All).

After this, your npm commands should work smoothly in PowerShell.

Why Script Execution Policy is Essential on Production Servers

In a production environment, the execution policy is not merely a “developer annoyance”; it’s a critical security feature. Here’s why it’s crucial to maintain strict execution policies in production:

1. Prevent Unauthorized Scripts: A strict policy minimizes the risk of running malicious or unauthorized scripts on the server, which is especially important in production environments.

2. Compliance and Security: Many organizations have compliance requirements for script execution policies to safeguard data and system integrity.

3. Control Over System Modifications: Execution policies restrict who and what can change server configurations. This control is vital for systems that demand high reliability and stability, as production servers do.

For production, the recommendation is often to set the policy to AllSigned or RemoteSigned (depending on your needs), ensuring that only authorized scripts with a valid signature can run.

Conclusion

Running into script execution policy issues when using npm in VS Code can be frustrating, but fortunately, there are several ways to work around it. Changing the execution policy or terminal settings can make development smoother while keeping your system secure.

For production servers, maintaining strict execution policies is non-negotiable. It not only prevents unauthorized access but also ensures that your infrastructure is compliant and secure. By understanding and managing execution policies, you’re taking a step towards better, more secure software development.

How do I fix npm.ps1 cannot be loaded error in PowerShell?

How to change PowerShell execution policy for npm in VS Code?

Why is PowerShell script execution policy important for production servers?

How to run npm commands in Visual Studio Code without PowerShell errors?

What is PowerShell execution policy and why does it affect npm?

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